Posted on October 5, 2022
—–. 1989. The new Syntax and you will Semantics of Verb Morphology during the Progressive Aramaic: A good Jewish Dialect of Iraqi Kurdistan. Western China Show, 69. The brand new Retreat: American Oriental Society.
Meehan, Charles, and you will Jacqueline Alon. 1979. The fresh new Kid Whoever Tunic Caught so you can Him: A great Folktale regarding Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out-of Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Oriental Training nine:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Tale and you will Background during the a period away from Lamentations into the Ninth out of Ab on the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The book from Exodus within the Neo-Aramaic from the Dialect of your own Jewish Neighborhood regarding Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Drive.
Such six binyanim off Syriac were low in NENA so you can a couple of basic groups, that have a 3rd closely allied on next
Thomason, Sarah Gray, and you can Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Vocabulary Get in touch with, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley and you can La: Univ. out-of California Force.
The original classification descends from the peal, the second classification about pael, and also the 3rd, whose vocalism observe that of the next, is derived from the newest afel
Several other foundation complicating the problem is the differential impacts of your own certain co-territorial languages. This new dialect distinctions contained in this Kurdish are very big, and also to the impression is traced a number of the type among NENA languages. Such as, the latest Jewish Neo-Aramaic of Halabja, such as the Kurdish of one’s town, cannot differentiate something special and you will upcoming tense, but in which Kurdish retains eg a significant difference, thus really does Neo-Aramaic. Inside Azerbaijan, Turkish keeps exerted strong impact on the fresh new Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), and the dialects of your own ordinary of Mosul reveal a strong determine regarding Arabic maybe not viewed somewhere else.
Tkhuma (Tx): What from descendants away from emigrants in one of the semi-independent ashirets of southeast Poultry, today resident along the Khabur Area in Syria. Information is away from Jacobi (1973) and you can my cards.
(5) Syriac had about three first verbal stems, this new peal, brand new pael, therefore the afel. To those was indeed extra three passive stems, formed regarding the earliest ones from the prefixation away from age[Theta]-: the fresh age[Theta]pael, the latest elizabeth[Theta]paal, therefore the ettafal. This situation is present throughout NENA. In most NENA languages, verbs usually stay in the latest verb groups where they were utilized in before level of the words. Which is, new descendant of a good Syriac peal verb could be a beneficial NENA Category We verb, and you will a beneficial Syriac pael verb could be a beneficial NENA Class II verb: eg, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ from prior to peal, and you may sadure ‘send’ away from before pael. However, inside the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and possibly Koy Sanjaq, the class membership has been reorganized that is predictable into the basis of one’s form of the latest base rather than their historical source. Particularly, in the Azerbaijani the newest C base has the setting CaCoC- for sound verbs, any kind of its supply, and CCaC- for center-weakened verbs: garosen ‘I was pulling’, but kwasan ‘I (f.) are descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Several other extremely extreme invention during the NENA ‘s the third person copula that have l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This form can get derive (Noldeke 1868, 203) from i[Theta] leh ‘he has’, however, zero copula like it is found external NENA. The first and you can 2nd people lack an enthusiastic l, except in the Jewish Azerbaijani, where l could have been general from paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:profit ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile is based throughout NENA but in the Halabja, that has -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it is the day regarding mercy’. None Turoyo nor Mandaic keeps forms synchronous so you’re able to ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he was here’, harke-zero ‘I are here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he are charming’, basim-na ‘I are charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The existing Aramaic keyword for ‘son’, bra during the BT, might have been prolonged in every NENA except Hertevin because of the addition of your diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, individual interaction), Zakho brona (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 177). Although not, each other Turoyo and you may Mandaic enjoys an epenthetic vowel, but zero suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you will Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) Sometimes, Hertevin aligns uniformdating that have Turoyo, against the rest of NENA. They lacks a good CCaCa establish demanding (6), does not have any sodir preterite (12), doesn’t have preposition ta (15), and you will uses ruh to make reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The newest Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect out-of Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Data and you may Folkloristic Texts. Janua Linguarum, collection practica step three. This new Hague: Mouton.